The official registry for every major domain extension worldwide β the authoritative organizations responsible for managing each TLD at the root level.
A domain registry is the authoritative organization that manages the database of all registered domain names under a specific TLD. The registry maintains the zone file, sets registration policies, and delegates selling rights to accredited registrars.
Registries do not typically sell directly to end users β that role belongs to registrars like GoDaddy, Namecheap, or Google Domains. The registry sits one level above in the chain.
| Extension(s) | Registry | Official Website | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
.uk.co.uk.org.uk.me.uk |
Nominet | nominet.uk | Non-profit; operates all second-level .uk registrations |
| Extension | Country | Registry | Official Website | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .eu | European Union | EURid | eurid.eu | Pan-European ccTLD |
| .de | Germany | DENIC | denic.de | Largest ccTLD by registrations in Europe |
| .fr | France | AFNIC | afnic.fr | Also manages .re, .pm, .wf, .yt, .tf |
| .it | Italy | Registro .it | registro.it | Operated by IIT-CNR, Pisa |
| .es | Spain | Red.es / Dominios.es | dominios.es | State entity under MINECO |
| .be | Belgium | DNS Belgium | dnsbelgium.be | Also manages .brussels and .vlaanderen |
.ch.li | Switzerland / Liechtenstein | SWITCH | switch.ch | Academic foundation; manages both TLDs |
| .at | Austria | nic.at | nic.at | Subsidiary of Internet Privatstiftung Austria |
| .dk | Denmark | Punktum dk | punktum.dk | Formerly DK Hostmaster; rebranded 2021 |
| .nl | Netherlands | SIDN | sidn.nl | Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland |
| .pl | Poland | NASK | dns.pl | Research institute; also manages .pl IDNs |
| .pt | Portugal | DNS.PT | pt.pt | Associação DNS.PT |
| .se | Sweden | The Internet Foundation (IIS) | internetstiftelsen.se | Also manages .nu |
| .ie | Ireland | IE Domain Registry (IEDR) | weare.ie | Non-profit; established 2000 |
| .lu | Luxembourg | RESTENA / DNS-LU | dns.lu | Research & Education network foundation |
| .cz | Czech Republic | CZ.NIC | nic.cz | Also develops Knot DNS open-source software |
| .gr | Greece | ICS-FORTH | gr | Institute of Computer Science, FORTH |
| .hu | Hungary | ISZT | domain.hu | Council of Hungarian Internet Providers |
| .ro | Romania | RoTLD | rotld.ro | ICI Bucharest department |
| .si | Slovenia | ARNES | register.si | Academic and Research Network of Slovenia |
| .sk | Slovakia | SK-NIC | sk-nic.sk | Non-profit; also manages .sk IDNs |
| .ru | Russia | Coordination Center for TLD RU | cctld.ru | Also manages .ΡΡ (Cyrillic IDN) |
| Extension | Country | Registry | Official Website | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .us | United States | GoDaddy Registry (ex Neustar) | about.us | Acquired by GoDaddy in 2023 |
| .ca | Canada | CIRA | cira.ca | Canadian Internet Registration Authority |
| .mx | Mexico | NIC MΓ©xico | registry.mx | Operated by ITESM (Tec de Monterrey) |
| .br | Brazil | Registro.br | registro.br | Operated by NIC.br / CGI.br |
| .ag | Antigua & Barbuda | Nic.ag | nic.ag | Popular "agency" domain hack |
| .do | Dominican Republic | NIC.do / INDOTEL | nic.do | Instituto Dominicano de las Telecomunicaciones |
| .ec | Ecuador | NIC.EC | nic.ec | ARCOTEL oversight |
| .lc | Saint Lucia | Nic.lc | nic.lc | Government-operated |
| .ms | Montserrat | MNI Networks | nic.ms | Small island territory ccTLD |
| .ni | Nicaragua | NIC.ni | nic.ni | Universidad Nacional de IngenierΓa |
| .pa | Panama | NIC Panama | nic.pa | Government-operated |
| .pe | Peru | NIC PerΓΊ | punto.pe | OSIPTEL regulatory oversight |
| .py | Paraguay | NIC.py | nic.py | CONATEL oversight |
| .uy | Uruguay | SeCIU / Registry .uy | nic.uy | Operated by Universidad de la RepΓΊblica |
| .vc | St Vincent & Grenadines | Afilias / Registry.vc | nic.vc | Now operated by Identity Digital |
| .ve | Venezuela | CONATEL / NIC.ve | nic.ve | National telecommunications commission |
| Extension | Country / Territory | Registry | Official Website | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .jp | Japan | JPRS | jprs.co.jp | Japan Registry Services; manages Japanese IDNs |
| .cn | China | CNNIC | cnnic.cn | China Internet Network Information Center |
| .in | India | IN Registry | registry.in | NIXI (National Internet Exchange of India) |
| .au | Australia | auDA | auda.org.au | Opened direct .au registrations in 2022 |
| .am | Armenia | ISOC-AM | amnic.net | Internet Society Armenia Chapter |
| .af | Afghanistan | AFGNIC | nic.af | Ministry of Communications oversight |
| .cx | Christmas Island | CIDA | nic.cx | Christmas Island Domain Administration |
| .la | Laos | LANIC | la | Popular as a domain hack ("Los Angeles") |
| .sg | Singapore | SGNIC | sgnic.sg | IMDA agency; robust DNSSEC implementation |
| .tl | Timor-Leste | Timor-Leste NIC | nic.tl | Also written as .tp (legacy) |
| .to | Tonga | Tonic | tonic.to | Popular domain hack ("to") |
| Extension | Country | Registry | Official Website | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .za | South Africa | ZADNA | zadna.org.za | ZA Domain Name Authority; ICANN-accredited |
| .mg | Madagascar | NIC-MG | nic.mg | IRSM oversight |
| .nf | Norfolk Island | Norfolk Island Data Services | nic.nf | Australian external territory |
| .sb | Solomon Islands | Our Telekom | nic.sb | State telecom operator |
| .sc | Seychelles | VCS | nic.sc | Virtual Computer Services |
| .sn | Senegal | NIC SΓ©nΓ©gal | nic.sn | Operated under ARTP authority |
| .so | Somalia | SONIC | sonic.so | Somalia NIC Authority |
| .tn | Tunisia | ATI | registre.tn | Agence Tunisienne d'Internet |
| Extension(s) | Registry | Official Website | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
.com.net.name |
Verisign | verisign.com | .com is the most registered TLD globally β 160M+ names |
| .org | PIR (Public Interest Registry) | pir.org | Non-profit founded by ISOC |
| .info | Identity Digital | identity.digital | Formerly Afilias; acquired by Identity Digital |
| .biz | GoDaddy Registry | registry.godaddy | Formerly Neustar Registry; acquired 2023 |
.io |
Internet Computer Bureau / Identity Digital | nic.io | British Indian Ocean Territory ccTLD, widely used as tech TLD |
| .tv | Verisign (Tuvalu) | verisign.com | Tuvalu ccTLD licensed to Verisign; revenue share with Tuvalu govt |
| .co | GoDaddy Registry (ex Neustar .CO) | registry.godaddy | Colombia ccTLD; marketed globally as .CO brand |
| .me | doMEn | domain.me | Montenegro ccTLD; widely used for personal branding |
| .ai | Whois.ai (Anguilla NIC) | whois.ai | Anguilla ccTLD; boomed with AI industry demand |
| Extension | Registry | Official Website | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| .edu | Educause | educause.edu | Restricted to accredited US post-secondary institutions |
| .gov | Get.gov (CISA) | get.gov | US government entities only; now managed by CISA |
| .mil | DoD Network Information Center | nic.mil | Exclusive to United States military |
| .int | IANA | iana.org/domains/int | International treaty organizations only (NATO, WHO, UN, etc.) |
| Extension | Registry / Sponsor | Official Website | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| .pro | Identity Digital (RegistryPro) | identity.digital | Licensed professionals; now open to all |
| .mobi | Identity Digital (mTLD/DotMobi) | identity.digital | For mobile-optimized sites; part of Identity Digital group |
| .tel | Telnic | telnic.org | Contact information publishing via DNS |
| .travel | Donuts / Identity Digital | travel.travel | Verified travel industry organizations |
| .coop | DotCooperation | identity.coop | Restricted to cooperatives worldwide |
| .museum | MuseDoma | welcome.museum | Museum Domain Management Association |
| .aero | SITA | sita.aero | Aviation industry; SITA is global air transport IT provider |
| .cat | FundaciΓ³ puntCAT | fundacio.cat | Catalan language and culture community |
| .jobs | Employ Media | jobs | HR Consortium-backed employment TLD |
| .post | UPU | upu.int | Universal Postal Union; postal operators only |
| .adult / .sex / .porn | GoDaddy Registry (ex ICM Registry) | icmregistry.com | Adult content extensions; age verification required |
| .xyz | XYZ.com LLC | gen.xyz | Third most registered new gTLD; used by Google's parent Alphabet |
| Extension(s) | Registry | Official Website | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
.app.dev |
Google Registry | registry.google | Both require HTTPS by HSTS preload; operated by Google |
| .ai | Whois.ai (Anguilla NIC) | whois.ai | ccTLD of Anguilla; demand-driven by AI industry |
| .io | Identity Digital / Internet Computer Bureau | nic.io | BIOT ccTLD; standard for SaaS and developer tools |
| .cloud | Aruba PEC / Aruba Enterprise | aruba.it | Managed by Italian cloud provider Aruba |
.tech.online.site.website.store |
Radix Registry | radix.website | Fast-growing new gTLD operator from India |
| .sucks | Vox Populi Registry | vox.sucks | Consumer feedback / free speech extension |
| Extension | Registry | Official Website | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| .shop | GMO Registry | about.shop | GMO Internet Group (Japan); popular e-commerce TLD |
| .bank | fTLD Registry Services | register.bank | Strict verification; only licensed financial institutions |
| .art | UK Creative Ideas (.ART) | art.art | Arts & cultural community; open registration |
| .design | GoDaddy Registry (ex Top Level Design) | registry.godaddy | Design professionals and agencies |
| .blog | Automattic (WordPress) | dotblog.domains | Operated by Knock Knock WHOIS There (Automattic subsidiary) |
| .bar | Punto 2012 | nic.bar | Hospitality and bar industry; also popular domain hack |
| .club | GoDaddy Registry (ex .CLUB Domains) | registry.godaddy | Communities, clubs, memberships |
.click.help.sexy.game |
GoDaddy Registry (ex Uniregistry) | registry.godaddy | Uniregistry portfolio acquired by GoDaddy 2020 |
| Extension | Territory | Registry | Official Website | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .amsterdam | Amsterdam, NL | Gemeente Amsterdam | mijnamsterdam.nl | City government-operated; Dutch-language portal |
| .barcelona | Barcelona, ES | Ajuntament de Barcelona | domini.barcelona | Municipal government; Catalan/Spanish |
| .berlin | Berlin, DE | dotBERLIN GmbH | dotberlin.de | Nexus requirement: connection to Berlin |
| .london | London, UK | Dot London Domains | dotlondon.london | Open registration; no nexus required |
| .paris | Paris, FR | Ville de Paris | bienvenue.paris | City of Paris registry; French/English |
| .alsace | Alsace, FR | RΓ©gion Grand Est | alsace.eu | Former RΓ©gion Alsace; now Grand Est region |
| Extension | Registry | Official Website | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| .xyz | XYZ.com LLC | gen.xyz | Alphabet's parent uses abc.xyz; 3rd largest new gTLD |
| .sucks | Vox Populi Registry | vox.sucks | Consumer advocacy & brand critique platform |
| .crypto | Unstoppable Domains | unstoppabledomains.com | β οΈ Web3 / Blockchain β operates outside ICANN's traditional system |
.crypto, .eth, and .nft are not part of the ICANN-managed DNS root. They require a browser extension or compatible resolver to function and are not accessible via standard browsers. They operate on blockchain infrastructure (Ethereum, Handshake) independently of the traditional domain system.
After the 2012 ICANN new gTLD program, the industry consolidated around a handful of large operators that now collectively manage hundreds of extensions. Understanding which group operates which TLD is essential for policy research and wholesale registration strategy.
The world's largest registry operator by number of TLDs, formed through the merger of Donuts (the original new gTLD giant) and Afilias in 2021, subsequently absorbing Rightside, Minds + Machines, and United TLD portfolios. Manages professional, business, technology, and lifestyle extensions.
GoDaddy expanded from pure registrar to registry operator through the acquisitions of Neustar's domain registry division (2023) β adding .biz, .co, .us β plus the Uniregistry portfolio and specialty extensions.
India-based registry operator and one of the fastest-growing new gTLD operators, with a focused portfolio of high-demand generic extensions targeting the web and e-commerce market.